IRC-Galleria

[x] You have yelled at an inanimate object for 'hurting' you.
[x] You have ran into a glass/screen door.
[x] You have jumped out of a moving vehicle.
[x] You have thought of something funny and laughed, then people gave you weird looks.
[x] You have ran into a tree/bush
[x] You have been called a blonde
[ ] You know that it IS possible to lick your elbow.
[ ] You just tried to lick your elbow.

so far: 6

[x] You never knew that the Alphabet and Twinkle Twinkle Little Star have the same rhythm
[ ] You sang them to make sure
[x] You have tripped on your own feet and fallen.
[ ] You have choked on your own spit.

so far: 8

[ ] You have seen the Matrix/Star Wars and still don't get it
[ ] You type with three fingers or less.
[x] You have accidentally caught something on fire.
[x] You have caught yourself drooling

so far: 10

[x] You have fallen asleep in class
[x] Sometimes you just stop thinking.
[x] Sometimes when you are telling a story you forget what you were talking about.
[ ] People often shake their heads and walk away from you.
[x] You are often told to use your "inside voice"

so far: 14

[ ] You use your fingers to do simple math.
[x] You have eaten a bug by accident
[x] You are taking this test when you should be doing something more important.
[x] You have put your clothes on backwards or inside out, and didn't realize it.
[x] You've looked all over for something and realized it was in your hand/pocket the whole time.

so far: 18

[ ] You re-post bulletins because you are scared that what they say will happen to you if you don't.
[ ] You break/lose a lot of things.
[x] You tilt you're head when you're confused
[x] You have fallen out of your chair before.
[x] When you're lying in bed, you try to find pictures in the texture on the ceiling.
[ ] The word "um" is used many times a day.
[ ] You don't know what "um" means.
[x] You say "what" and "huh" a lot.
[x] You used a calculator to multiply your score for this bulletin.

total: 23
(multiply by three and you get your percent)

= 69%

And the idea of this shit? Some Weirdo test I´m positive...

Okay this is shit..


I´m writing a story.. And it goes too fast forward.. So many ideas so little time. Don´t know what to do.. Huoh.. Life is shit..

I happy that I have a good beta at least. Well on with this thing..

And someone.. Pay the VIP shit for me.. I´m broke! So go on with it.. I can´t stand this shit!

Okay... I can´t say that I hate school... because I don´t. It´s still hard, but I can manage it somehow I guess.

4 Courses in this period. And I don´t "get" a thing LOL.... :DDDD

Kyllä tilatkaa tilatkaa. Ne loppuu 9.2 EN VOI ELÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


ja sitten siihen epätärkeeseen asiaan. Pöllin relief:iltä :D

Tämän jutun tarkoitus on osata kirjoittaa silmät kiinni. Joten ÄLÄ HUIJJAA!! Sinun pitää kirjoittaa se sana mikä on ekana tuossa, mutta silmät kiinni!!!!! Jos saat kaikki oikein olet haluan mäjkä sytmahtava.. Mutta jos saat kaikki oikein sinä huijaat! :D Haasta sen jälkeen 3 kaverisia. Kopioi tämä omaan kansioosi HETI!!


1. Sä oot kaunis: sä ioot kaunis

2. Näytät aivan apinalta kuten siskosikin: Näytät aivan aoinalta aivan kuten siskosikin

3. Oon rakastunut suhun ihan kybäll: oon rakastunut suhun aivan kubökk

4. Anna ruokaa mulla on nälkä: anna ruokaa mulla on nälkä

5. Pissiksiä ei tueta: pissiksiä ei tueta

6. Mä kutsun sut mun syntäreille: mä kutsun sut mun synttäreille

7. Haluan nähdä sut alasti sitten aikuisena: haluan nähsä sut alasti sitten aikuisena

8. Kakka haisee kauhealle: kakka haisee kauhealle

9. Voisinko halata sinua: voisinko halata sinua

paremminkin olis voinut mennä. En oo ihan viel masteroinu tätä paskaa..

Mut bäkkiin asiaan... Haluun ne vipit. Hommatkaa hommatkaa :DD

I have a longing for a piano.. Someone.. anyone.. GIVE ME A PIANO! yessss...

Then again.. I want to go out and walk. But can´t. This is shit...


And I want many many many other things too.. Well In few moths I have the fucking money to o what ever I want.. Just waiting the right chance to express myself..

I´m not fucking getting a fucking driving license.. I want to drive a bike! So what a heck do I do with car driving card? Nothing I ques...

Well see you all soon I hope.. Or then I don´t ;)

yes.. that`s correct. Someone just told to me that I´m a cruel person... One could wonder.. Actually that`s pretty correct.. You just haven´t noticed yet. I´m an asshole. And I thought that you all already knew this little fact.. But no.. You are just too idiots to notice anything.. Am I correct? Oh.. Yes I am.. Why can´t you people just say things straight? Why is that a problem to you? Actually I know that thing too... It´s because you want to be nice. Yes that it is. But being nice is the same as being submissive. Do you want to be helpless little insects? No.. No you don´t.. So why don´t you just do something about that?


That was all.. You can leave now.. Go home.. Go on with your lives like nothing happened.

Listaa 10 artistia/yhtyettä josta pidät.

1. Marilyn Manson
2. Strata
3. Turmion Kätilöt
4. Slipknot
5. Korn
6. A Perfect Circle
7. Papa Roach
8. Rage Against The Machine
9. Deftones
10. Good Night Nurse

Mikä oli ensimmäinen kappale jonka kuulit numerolta 6?

- Radio/Video

Mikä on lempialbumisi numerolta 8?

- The Battle Of Los Angeles

Mikä on lempilyriikkasi jonka numero 5 on laulanut?

-"I'm done, being there for others
They have their pain and so do I
Don't need to feel it all over
I try to hold on and you bring me down."

Kuinka monta kertaa olet nähnyt numeron 1 livenä?

- kerran

Mikä on lempikappaleesi numerolta 7?

- Getting away with murder

Mikä hyvä muisto sinulla on liittyen numeroon 10?

- Erosin Ex:stä

Onko numerolla 3 kappale joka tekee sinut surulliseksi?

- ei, vihaseks

Mikä on lempilyriikkasi jonka numero 2 on laulanut?

-"Did I wear you out?
Were you overwhelmed?
Were you dead all along?
Can you open up...
Just enough
to heal yourself and start again?
Well, I'm sorry...
I won't be there... I won't be there...
We've changed.
"

Mikä on lempikappaleesi numerolta 9?

- Lucky You

Kuinka löysit numeron 3 ensimmäistä kertaa?

- MTV

Mikä oli ensimmäinen kappale jonka kuulit numerolta 1?

- Tainted Love

Mikä on lempikappaleesi numerolta 4?

- Vendetta

Kuinka monta kertaa olet nähnyt numeron 9 livenä?

- en ole

Mikä hyvä muisto sinulla on liittyen numeroon 2?

- Olin rannassa. Kuuntelin Stratan Hot/Cold (Darling Don´t) ja mietin..

Onko numerolla 8 kappale joka tekee sinut surulliseksi?

- ei oleee

Mikä on lempialbumisi numerolta 5?

- Killing, I´m Done, It´s On.

Mikä on lempilyriikkasi jonka numero 3 on laulanut?

- "Kun on kaikki nähty, kaikki koettu
Kun kaikki perkeleetkin on paljastettu
Ei ole syntiä, ei katumusta
Pyhyys, koskemattomuus on raiskattu
Henkinen elämämme potee anoreksiaa
Tunnemaailma huutaa pornografiaa
Ruumiimme surkastuneet eivät liikahda
Velton lihasmassan virvoittaa väkivalta
"

Mikä on lempikappaleesi numerolta 6?

- Pet




Säännöt ovat seuraavat:

1. Voi sanoa vain kyllä tai en.
2. Et saa selittää mitään, ellei joku kysy sitä sinulta.
3. Älä sano mitään muuta kuin kyllä tai en.

Oletko:

Suudellut jotain hyvää ystävääsi? - Kyllä
Yli 18? - ehkä
Kertonut koskaan valheita? - Kyllä
Tripannut sienillä? - ehkä
Suudellut valokuvaa? -En
Nukahtunut koulussa/töissä? - Kyllä
Pidellyt oikeaa käärmettä? - kyllä
Juossut punaisia päin? - Kyllä
Tullut erotetuksi koulusta? -KYllä
Tuhonnut autosi/moottoripyöräsi onnettomuudessa? - En
Laulanut karaokea? - kyllä
Tehnyt jotain, vaikka vannoit ettet koskaan tekisi? - Kyllä
Nauranut niin, että purskautat ulos jotain, jota olit juuri juonut? - Kyllä
Napannut lumihiutaleen kielelläsi? - Kyllä
Suudellut sateessa? - Kyllä
Laulanut suihkussa? - Kyllä
Istunut katolla? - Kyllä
Muistellut katumuksella jotain menneisyydestäsi? - Kyllä
Joutunut työnnetyksi altaaseen vaatteet päällä? - kyllä
Murtanut luusi? - kyllä
Ajanut pääsi? - kyllä
Nukahtanut juotuasi liikaa? - en...
Omistanut salikortin? - frendin. eli kyllä
Ollut bändissä? - Kyllä
Ampunut aseella? - kyllä
Tykännyt jostakusta ilman, että kukaan tietää? - Kyllä
Pelannut räsypokkaa? - Kyllä
Luovuttanut verta? - en
Tykännyt jostain kenestä sinun ei pitäisi? - Kyllä
Ottanut tatuointia? - kyllä
Ottanut lävistystä muualle kuin korviisi? - Kyllä
Muhinoinut täysin tuntemattoman kanssa? - ehkä
Saanut jonkun kiinni pettämässä sinua? - Kyllä
Jäänyt kiinni poliiseille? - kyllä ja en
Liftannut? - en kai?

1.When was the last time you were with your friends?
- A week or two ago.. why?

2. When did you kiss your boy/girlfriend?
- 5 minutes ago.

3. Who are you?
- Someone who doesn´t care.

4. Why are you answering these questions?
- because I´m bored..

5. Who are you with, right now?
- With my mom and my boyfriend

6. How old are you?
- I´m old enough

7. What are you wearing?
- Something black.

8. Do you cry?
- No I don´t cry. Only when I´m in extreme pain.

9. On what position do you sleep?
- On my backside.. If I sleep that is.

10. On what time did you wake up this morning?
- 5.30 AM

11. What day is it?
- Sunday

12. What time is it?
- 22.21

13. What do you fear?
- Nothing

14. What is your favorite animal?
- Snake and cat

15. Do you have any pets?
- Yes I do

16. What is your favorite element?
- Fire and Wind/Air

17. Do you have any hobbies?
- As a matter of fact, I do.

18. Do you have a good memory?
- Depends of things I have to memorize..

19. Want this to end?
- Yes...

20. Why?
- Cos I´m not bored anymore and I want this thing over with. And I have other things to attend
to.

21. What time is it?
- You already asked that... You idiot

22. Do you like reading things?
- You mean books? Yeah.. Maybe.

23. Are you a nerd?
- I´m weirdo

24. Make a wish?
- I don´t believe those... So no I´m not going to...

Miamissa on kauppa, jossa myydään aviomiehiä. Kaupan sisäänkäynnillä on ohje kaupan käytöstä:
“Voit vierailla kaupassa vain yhden kerran. Kerroksia on kuusi ja eri kerroksissa miesten ominaisuudet ovat erilaisia. Voit valita miehen mistä tahansa kerroksesta, tai voit mennä ylöspäin, mutta et voi enää palata alempiin kerroksiin ostoksille!”

Nainen menee kauppaan.

Ensimmäisessä kerroksessa myydään miehiä, joilla on työ. Hän jatkaa ylöspäin.

Toisessa kerroksessa myydään miehiä, joilla on työ ja jotka pitävät lapsista. Hän jatkaa edelleen ylöspäin.

Kolmannessa kerroksessa myydään komeita miehiä, joilla on työ ja jotka pitävät lapsista. “Vau” nainen ajattelee, mutta jatkaa silti ylöspäin.

Neljännessä kerroksessa myydään komeita miehiä, joilla on työ, jotka pitävät lapsista ja jotka auttavat kotitöissä. “Tämä vaikuttaa todella hyvältä” nainen ajattelee “Melkein tekisi mieli jäädä tänne”, mutta hän jatkaa silti ylöspäin.

Viidennessä kerroksessa myydään komeita, romanttisia miehiä, joilla on työ, jotka pitävät lapsista ja jotka auttavat kotitöissä. Nainen tuntee suurta houkutusta jäädä, mutta toivoo ylemmässä kerroksessa olevan tarjolla jotain vielä parempaa, joten hän jatkaa ylöspäin.

Kuudes kerros on tyhjä, lukuunottamatta kylttiä, jossa lukee “Olet 6. kerroksen 31 456 012. vierailija. Täällä ei ole miehiä. Tämän kerroksen olemassaolon tarkoitus on ainoastaan todistaa että naisia on mahdotonta miellyttää. Kiitos vierailustasi Aviomieskaupassa.”

Aviomieskaupan naapurissa sijaitsee Vaimokauppa. Myös siinä on 6 kerrosta.

Ensimmäisessä kerroksessa on tarjolla vaimoja jotka pitävät seksistä.

Toisessa kerroksessa on tarjolla kauniita vaimoja jotka pitävät seksistä.

Kukaan ei ole koskaan käynyt kerroksissa 3-6

Narcissistic Personality Disorder


Neurotic Solution: Narcissistic Type
Self-Confident Personality Type
Values of the Self- Confident Type New!



Perspectives q.v.

* Disease
* Dimensional
* Behavior
* Life Story





The Disease Perspective

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pg. 661) describes Narcissistic Personality Disorder as a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

* has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements);

* is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love;

* believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions);

* requires excessive admiration;

* has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations;

* is interpersonally exploitive, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends;

* lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others;

* is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her;

* shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.





The Dimensional Perspective

Here is a hypothetical profile, in terms of the five-factor model of personality, for Narcissistic Personality Disorder (speculatively constructed from McCrae, 1994, pg. 306) (Cf. Compensatory Narcissistic):


High Neuroticism
Chronic negative affects, including anxiety, fearfulness, tension, irritability, anger, dejection, hopelessness, guilt, shame; difficulty in inhibiting impulses: for example, to eat, drink, or spend money; irrational beliefs: for example, unrealistic expectations, perfectionistic demands on self, unwarranted pessimism; unfounded somatic concerns; helplessness and dependence on others for emotional support and decision making.

High Extraversion
Excessive talking, leading to inappropriate self-disclosure and social friction; inability to spend time alone; attention seeking and overly dramatic expression of emotions; reckless excitement seeking; inappropriate attempts to dominate and control others.

Low Openness
Difficulty adapting to social or personal change; low tolerance or understanding of different points of view or lifestyles; emotional blandness and inability to understand and verbalize own feelings; alexythymia; constricted range of interests; insensitivity to art and beauty; excessive conformity to authority.

Low Agreeableness
Cynicism and paranoid thinking; inability to trust even friends or family; quarrelsomeness; too ready to pick fights; exploitive and manipulative; lying; rude and inconsiderate manner alienates friends, limits social support; lack of respect for social conventions can lead to troubles with the law; inflated and grandiose sense of self; arrogance.

Low Conscientiousness
Underachievement: not fulfilling intellectual or artistic potential; poor academic performance relative to ability; disregard of rules and responsibilities can lead to trouble with the law; unable to discipline self (e.g., stick to diet, exercise plan) even when required for medical reasons; personal and occupational aimlessness.





Character Weaknesses and Vices


Pride, vanity, vainglory, superbia, superiority, hubris, overbearingness, haughtiness, separateness, insensitivity, self-importance, egoism, ego-centricity, wrath, arrogance, malice, hypocrisy, skepticism, ignorance.



Psychiatric*

* exploitive
* grandiose
* feels unique
* preoccupied with success
* feels entitled
* seeks admiration
* unempathic
* envious
* hypersensitive to criticism


Know Your Major Weaknesses

narcissistic.boss - Google Search


* Derived from Michael Stone's (pg. 22) list of the "personality traits" of DSM-III-R Narcissistic Personality Disorder.




The Behavior Perspective

* Google Search: narcissistic behavior.therapy
* Google Search: comorbidity narcissistic personality





The Life Story Perspective



Childhood



Universal Character Disorder Antisocial


Stoic explanation

Narcissistic personality disorder is a typological representation of bad character, of a vicious disposition formed by habitual passion. Passions are, or are the results of, erroneous value-judgments. The objects of passion listed below (derived mostly from Beck, Freeman, and associates, 1990, pp. 49-50) are external, indifferent things that the Narcissistic personality incorrectly judges to be good or bad. (Evolutionary Psychology and Behavior Genetics provide adequate scientific explanations of the origins of these impulses.) The cure of Narcissistic personality disorder will require correcting these habitual, erroneous value-judgments by making proper use of impressions.


Niebuhrian / Horneyan explanation

Narcissistic character disorder is a type of "solution" to the problem of anxiety; that is, it is a strategy to alleviate anxiety. The objects of desire and pleasure listed below (derived mostly from Beck, Freeman, and associates, 1990, pp. 49-50) are limited goods pridefully turned to for security when we fail to trust God. They are analogous to Karen Horney's "neurotic needs."

Karen Horney: Intrapsychic Strategies of Defense

The Expansive Solution

Narcissistic type

"Even when we deeply value ourselves, the anxiety built into finitude will tempt us to find our source of security in some strategy rather than a trust in God" (Cooper, pg. 163).


Habitual Passions

Desires/ Pleasures

Fears/ Distresses

* being admired
* aggrandizement
* being special
* being unique
* status
* superior image
* superiority
* special favors
* favorable treatment
* prestige
* dispensations
* privileges
* prerogatives
* acknowledgment of superiority by others
* being above the rules
* glory
* wealth
* position
* power
* success
* ambition
* competitiveness



* being scorned
* being criticized
* being seen as common
* being ordinary
* being seen as inferior
* failure
* others not according them admiration and respect



Cognitive Effects

Basic Belief: I am special. [Strategy]: Self-aggrandizement (Beck, Freeman & associates, pg. 26).

The "idealized self is made up of beliefs about how we should feel, think, or act" (Tamney, pg. 32).

Compulsive beliefs and attitudes are idols, too.

In Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders, Aaron T. Beck, Arthur Freeman, and associates (1990) list typical beliefs associated with each specific personality disorder. According to my view, the beliefs and attitudes rationalize and reinforce the idealized image and the compulsive attachments and aversions. They are analogous to Karen Horney's "shoulds" and "neurotic claims." Here are the typical beliefs that they have listed (pp. 361-362) for Narcissistic Personality Disorder:

* I am a very special person.
* Since I am so superior, I am entitled to special treatment and privileges.
* I don't have to be bound by the rules that apply to other people.
* It is very important to get recognition, praise, and admiration.
* If others don't respect my status, they should be punished.
* Other people should satisfy my needs.
* Other people should recognize how special I am.
* It's intolerable if I'm not accorded my due respect or don't get what I'm entitled to.
* Other people don't deserve the admiration or riches that they get.
* People have no right to criticize me.
* No one's needs should interfere with my own.
* Since I am so talented, people should go out of their way to promote my career.
* Only people as brilliant as I am understand me.
* I have every reason to expect grand things.



Beck's Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders



* Google Search: narcissistic cognitive.therapy
* Google Search: narcissistic cognitive.behavioral.therapy
* Google Search: narcissistic psychoanalytic therapy
* Google Search: narcissistic psychodynamic therapy
* Google Search: narcissistic interpersonal therapy
* Google Search: narcissistic humanistic therapy
* Google Search: narcissistic existential therapy





American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed. Washington: Author.

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed., text revision. Washington: Author.

Beck, Aaron T. and Freeman, Arthur M. and Associates (1990). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. New York : Guilford Press.

Beck, Aaron T. and Freeman, Arthur M. and Associates (2003). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders, 2nd ed. New York : Guilford Press.

Cooper, Terry D. (2003). Sin, Pride, and Self-Acceptance: The Problem of Identity in Theology and Psychology. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Gunderson, John G. and Philips, Katherine A. (1995). Personality Disorders. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/VI, Vol. 2. Eds. Harold I. Kaplan and Benjamin J. Sadock. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

McCrae, Robert R. (1994). "A Reformulation of Axis II: Personality and Personality-Related Problems." Costa, Paul T., Jr., Widiger, Thomas A., editors. Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Washington, D.C.: The American Psychological Association.

(1989). Personality Disorders: Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, Vol. 3. American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association.

Stone, Michael H. (1993). Abnormalities of personality: within and beyond the realm of treatment. New York: W.W. Norton.

Tamney, Joseph B. (2002). The Resilience of Conservative Religion. New York: Cambridge UP.



Sigmund Freud and Wilhelm Reich

In a 1931 paper, "Libidinal Types," Sigmund Freud described the narcissistic personality:

The characteristics of the third type, justly called the narcissistic, are in the main negatively described. There is no tension between ego and super-ego - indeed, starting from this type one would hardly have arrived at the notion of a super-ego; there is no preponderance of erotic needs; the main interest is focused on self-preservation; the type is independent and not easily overawed. The ego has a considerable amount of aggression available, one manifestation of this being a proneness to activity; where love is in question, loving is preferred to being loved. People of this type impress others as being 'personalities'; it is on them that their fellow-men are specially likely to lean; they readily assume the role of leader, give a fresh stimulus to cultural development or breakdown existing conditions.

Wilhelm Reich first described the "phallic-narcissistic character" in 1926, and later included the description in Character Analysis.

Even in outward appearance, the phallic-narcissistic character differs from the compulsive and the hysterical character. While the compulsive character is predominantly inhibited, self-controlled and depressive, and while the hysterical character is nervous, agile, apprehensive and labile, the typical phallic-narcissistic character is self-confident, often arrogant, elastic, vigorous and often impressive. The more neurotic the inner mechanism, the more obtrusive are those modes of behavior. As to bodily type, they belong most frequently to Kretschmer's athletic type. The facial expression usually shows hard, sharp masculine features, but often also feminine, girl-like features in spite of athletic habitus. Everyday behavior is never crawling as in passive-feminine characters but usually haughty, either cold and reserved or derisively aggressive, or "bristly," as one of these patients put it. In behavior toward the object, the love object included, the narcissistic element always dominates over the object-libidinal, and there is always an admixture of more or less disguised sadistic traits.

Such individuals usually anticipate any expected attack with an attack on their part. Their aggression is very often expressed not so much in what they say or do as in the manner in which they say or do things. Particularly to people who do not have their own aggression at their disposal they appear as aggressive and provocative. The outspoken types tend to achieve leading positions in life and resent subordination unless they can - as in the army or other hierarchic organizations - compensate for the necessity of subordination by exerting domination over others who find themselves on lower rungs of the ladder. If their vanity is hurt, they react either with cold reserve, deep depression or lively aggression. In contrast to other characters, their narcissism expresses itself not in an infantile manner but in exaggerated display of self-confidence, dignity and superiority, in spite of the fact that the basis of their character is no less infantile than that of others.

Freud, Sigmund (1931). Libidinal Types. Collected Papers, Vol. 5, 1959). New York: Basic Books.

Reich, Wilhelm (1949). Character Analysis, 3rd ed. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.



Narcissistic and Compensatory Narcissistic Personality Disorders differentiated

In a chapter of Disorders of Narcissism : Diagnostic, Clinical, and Empirical Implications, "DSM Narcissistic Personality Disorder: historical reflections and future directions," Theodore Millon differentiates Narcissistic from Compensatory Narcissistic Personality Disorder:

Reich (1933/1949) captured the essential qualities of what here is termed the elitist narcissistic person when he described the "phallic-narcissist" character as a self-assured, arrogant, and energetic person "often impressive in his bearing.., and.., ill-suited to subordinate positions among the rank and file" (p. 217). As with the compensatory narcissistic person, the elitist narcissistic person is more taken with an inflated self-image than with his or her actual self. Both narcissistic types create a facade that bears minimal resemblance to the actual person. However, the compensatory narcissistic person knows at some level that he or she is in fact a fraud, whereas the elitist narcissistic person is deeply convinced of his or her superior self-image, albeit one that is grounded on few realistic achievements. To elitist narcissistic persons, it is the appearance of things that is perceived as objective reality; an inflated self-image is their intrinsic substance. Only when these illusory elements to self-worth are seriously undermined will the individual be able to recognize, perhaps even to acknowledge, his or her deeper shortcomings.

---

Schizotypal Personality Disorder


Neurotic Solution: Schizotypal Type
Idiosyncratic Personality Type
Values of the Idiosyncratic Type New!



Perspectives q.v.

* Disease
* Dimensional
* Behavior
* Life Story





The Disease Perspective

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pg. 645) describes Schizotypal Personality Disorder as a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

* ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference);

* odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or "sixth sense"; in children and adolescents, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations);

* unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions;

* odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped);

* suspiciousness or paranoid ideation;

* inappropriate or constricted affect;

* behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar;

* lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives;

* excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self.

The disorder does not occur exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, another Psychotic Disorder, or a Pervasive Developmental Disorder.





The Dimensional Perspective

Here is a hypothetical profile, in terms of the five-factor model of personality, for Schizotypal Personality Disorder (speculatively constructed from McCrae, 1994, pg. 306):


High Neuroticism
Chronic negative affects, including anxiety, fearfulness, tension, irritability, anger, dejection, hopelessness, guilt, shame; difficulty in inhibiting impulses: for example, to eat, drink, or spend money; irrational beliefs: for example, unrealistic expectations, perfectionistic demands on self, unwarranted pessimism; unfounded somatic concerns; helplessness and dependence on others for emotional support and decision making.

Low Extraversion
Social isolation, interpersonal detachment, and lack of support networks; flattened affect; lack of joy and zest for life; reluctance to assert self or assume leadership roles, even when qualified; social inhibition and shyness.

High Openness
Preoccupation with fantasy and daydreaming; lack of practicality; eccentric thinking (e.g., belief in ghosts, reincarnation, UFOs); diffuse identity and changing goals: for example, joining religious cult; susceptibility to nightmares and states of altered consciousness; social rebelliousness and nonconformity that can interfere with social or vocational advancement.

Low Agreeableness
Cynicism and paranoid thinking; inability to trust even friends or family; quarrelsomeness; too ready to pick fights; exploitive and manipulative; lying; rude and inconsiderate manner alienates friends, limits social support; lack of respect for social conventions can lead to troubles with the law; inflated and grandiose sense of self; arrogance.

High Conscientiousness
Overachievement: workaholic absorption in job or cause to the exclusion of family, social, and personal interests; compulsiveness, including excessive cleanliness, tidiness, and attention to detail; rigid self-discipline and an inability to set tasks aside and relax; lack of spontaneity; overscrupulousness in moral behavior.



Specific Affects

Social anxiety, phobic anxiety, anhedonia, feelings of humiliation, paranoia (Stone, pp. 2719, 2220, 2724, 2726).



Character Weaknesses and Vices*

* referentiality*
* social anxiety*
* illusions*
* magical thinking*
* no close friends*
* odd speech*
* inappropriate affect*
* eccentric
* suspicious


Know Your Major Weaknesses


* Derived from Michael Stone's (pg. 22) list of the "personality traits" of DSM-III-R Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Descriptors marked with an asterisk, he says, are not true personality traits.




The Behavior Perspective



Motivations

Want to avoid being influenced by anyone.



Behaviors

Aloofness, odd communication, isolation; Ego-boundary problems, "ego-diffusion," merging phenomena and other severe distortions of the self, mirroring, narcissistic disturbances, faulty sense of identity; difficulty sensing what other people are all about or else at knowing how to best respond when their perceptions of interpersonal situations happen to be accurate; marked peculiarities of speech, dress, and habit; sensitivity to criticism, avoidance of intimacy; insensitivity to the feelings of spouse, oversensitivity to spouse's behavior; extreme loneliness and need for human relatedness, inability to "connect" meaningfully and pleasurably with other people (Stone, pp. 2719, 2221-2726).

Odd speech: vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped speech; idiosyncratic phrasing, unusual use of words, overly concrete or abstract responses to questions; odd, eccentric, or peculiar mannerisms or dress; excessive social anxiety associated with paranoid fears about the motivations of others, rather than with negative judgments about themselves; difficulty responding to interpersonal cuing and expressing a full range of affects; difficulty in developing rapport or engaging in casual and meaningful conversations; an inappropriate, stiff, or constricted manner (Gunderson and Philips, pg. 1437).

Associated Disorders

Symptoms of anxiety, depression, or other dysphoric affects; transient psychotic episodes; Brief Psychotic Disorder, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, Schizophrenia; Major Depressive Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, pg. 698-699).

Hypochondriasis, transient psychotic experiences; "psychoticism," obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Stone, pp. 2723-2726).



* Google Search: schizotypal behavior.therapy
* Google Search: comorbidity schizotypal personality





The Life Story Perspective



Childhood

Physical, sexual, and emotional trauma.



Universal Character Disorder Compensatory Narcissistic


Stoic explanation

Schizotypal personality disorder is a typological representation of bad character, of a vicious disposition formed by habitual passion. Passions are, or are the results of, erroneous value-judgments. The objects of passion listed below (derived mostly from Oldham, pp. 252-66) are external, indifferent things that the Schizotypal personality incorrectly judges to be good or bad. (Evolutionary Psychology and Behavior Genetics provide adequate scientific explanations of the origins of these impulses.) The cure of Schizotypal personality disorder will require correcting these habitual, erroneous value-judgments by making proper use of impressions.


Niebuhrian / Horneyan explanation

Schizotypal character disorder is a type of "solution" to the problem of anxiety; that is, it is a strategy to alleviate anxiety. The objects of desire and pleasure listed below (derived mostly from Oldham, pp. 252-66) are limited goods pridefully turned to for security when we fail to trust God. They are analogous to Karen Horney's "neurotic needs."

Karen Horney: Intrapsychic Strategies of Defense

The Resignation Solution

"Even when we deeply value ourselves, the anxiety built into finitude will tempt us to find our source of security in some strategy rather than a trust in God" (Cooper, pg. 163).


Habitual Passions

Desires/ Pleasures

Fears/ Distresses

* non-conformity
* dreaming
* the spirit
* visions
* mysticism
* eccentricity
* freethinking
* idiosyncratic feelings and belief systems, worldview, and approach to life
* odd habits
* self-direction
* independence
* the occult
* the extrasensory
* the supernatural
* abstract and speculative thinking
* being inner-directed
* observing others
* new experiences and feelings
* rapture
* freedom from rules



* conformity
* convention
* tradition
* close relationships
* how other people react to them
* that others think them strange
* old belief systems
* joining
* affiliation
* adapting
* accepting or espousing anyone else's principles and beliefs
* standard explanations
* ridicule
* doubt
* uncertainty
* disillusionment
* the "regular" world
* narrow-minded people
* normal behavior standards
* others' expectations
* accepting authority



Cognitive Effects

Basic Belief: I need to consider only my own views; I must not be influenced by anyone. Strategy: Eccentric thinking.

Suspiciousness, ideas of reference, illusions; "cognitive slippage," a disturbing sense of discontinuity with respect to time and person; tendency to misinterpret: reacts to symbols, to possible meanings, rather than facts; poor at generalizing from one situation to another analogous one; concreteness, and humorlessness; conviction of unlikeablity (Stone, pp. 2719, 2221, 2725, 2726).

Parataxic thinking.

The "idealized self is made up of beliefs about how we should feel, think, or act" (Tamney, pg. 32).

Compulsive beliefs and attitudes are idols, too.

In Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders, Aaron T. Beck and Arthur Freeman (1990) list typical beliefs associated with each specific personality disorder. According to my view, the beliefs and attitudes rationalize and reinforce the idealized image and the compulsive attachments and aversions. They are analogous to Karen Horney's "shoulds" and "neurotic claims." Here are some of the typical attitudes and assumptions that they have listed (pg. 140) for Schizotypal Personality Disorder:

* I feel like an alien in a frightening environment.
* Since the world is dangerous, you have to watch out for yourself at all times.
* There are reasons for everything. Things don't happen by chance.
* Sometimes my inner feelings are an indication of what is going to happen.
* Relationships are threatening.
* I am defective.



Beck's Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders



* Google Search: schizotypal cognitive.therapy
* Google Search: schizotypal cognitive.behavioral.therapy
* Google Search: schizotypal psychoanalytic therapy
* Google Search: schizotypal psychodynamic therapy
* Google Search: schizotypal interpersonal therapy
* Google Search: schizotypal humanistic therapy
* Google Search: schizotypal existential therapy





American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed. Washington: Author, 1994.

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed., text revision. Washington: Author.

Beck, Aaron T. and Freeman, Arthur M. and Associates (1990). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. New York : Guilford Press.

Beck, Aaron T. and Freeman, Arthur M. and Associates (2003). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders, 2nd ed. New York : Guilford Press.

Cooper, Terry D. (2003). Sin, Pride, and Self-Acceptance: The Problem of Identity in Theology and Psychology. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Gunderson, John G. and Philips, Katherine A. (1995). Personality Disorders. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/VI, Vol. 2. Eds. Harold I. Kaplan and Benjamin J. Sadock. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

McCrae, Robert R. (1994). "A Reformulation of Axis II: Personality and Personality-Related Problems." Costa, Paul T., Jr., Widiger, Thomas A., editors. Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Washington, D.C.: The American Psychological Association.

Oldham, John M., and Lois B. Morris (1995). The New Personality Self-Portrait: Why You Think, Work, Love, and Act the Way You Do. Rev. ed. New York: Bantam.

Stone, Michael H. (1989). Personality Disorders: Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, Vol. 3. American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association.

Stone, Michael H. (1993). Abnormalities of personality: within and beyond the realm of treatment. New York: W.W. Norton.

Tamney, Joseph B. (2002). The Resilience of Conservative Religion. New York: Cambridge UP.

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Schizoid Personality Disorder


Neurotic Solution: Schizoid Type
Solitary Personality Type
Values of the Solitary Type New!



Perspectives q.v.

* Disease
* Dimensional
* Behavior
* Life Story



The Disease Perspective

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pg. 641) describes Schizoid Personality Disorder as a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

* neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family;

* almost always chooses solitary activities;

* has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person;

* takes pleasure in few, if any, activities;

* lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives;

* appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others;

* shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity.





The Dimensional Perspective



Dimensions

Here is a hypothetical profile, in terms of the five-factor model of personality, for Schizoid Personality Disorder (speculatively constructed from McCrae, 1994, pg. 306):


High Neuroticism
Chronic negative affects, including anxiety, fearfulness, tension, irritability, anger, dejection, hopelessness, guilt, shame; difficulty in inhibiting impulses: for example, to eat, drink, or spend money; irrational beliefs: for example, unrealistic expectations, perfectionistic demands on self, unwarranted pessimism; unfounded somatic concerns; helplessness and dependence on others for emotional support and decision making.

Low Extraversion
Social isolation, interpersonal detachment, and lack of support networks; flattened affect; lack of joy and zest for life; reluctance to assert self or assume leadership roles, even when qualified; social inhibition and shyness.

High Openness
Preoccupation with fantasy and daydreaming; lack of practicality; eccentric thinking (e.g., belief in ghosts, reincarnation, UFOs); diffuse identity and changing goals: for example, joining religious cult; susceptibility to nightmares and states of altered consciousness; social rebelliousness and nonconformity that can interfere with social or vocational advancement.

Low Agreeableness
Cynicism and paranoid thinking; inability to trust even friends or family; quarrelsomeness; too ready to pick fights; exploitive and manipulative; lying; rude and inconsiderate manner alienates friends, limits social support; lack of respect for social conventions can lead to troubles with the law; inflated and grandiose sense of self; arrogance.

Low Conscientiousness
Underachievement: not fulfilling intellectual or artistic potential; poor academic performance relative to ability; disregard of rules and responsibilities can lead to trouble with the law; unable to discipline self (e.g., stick to diet, exercise plan) even when required for medical reasons; personal and occupational aimlessness.



Specific Affects

Emotional coolness or aloofness (absence of warm, tender feelings for others), constricted affect, indifference to praise or criticism or to the feelings of others, anhedonia, shyness, distrust, introversion, discomfort with intimacy, loneliness, anxieties concerning the mother-child symbiosis and other close relationships, feelings of utter unworthiness--but also of superiority, self-consciousness and feeling ill at ease with people, oversensitivity, destructive feelings, painful feelings, overwhelming anxiety (or even psychosis), emotional distance, intense loneliness, inordinate guilt over masturbation, fear of going crazy, sensitivity to slights (Stone, pp. 2712-2717).

Anhedonia, aversiveness, or introversion; social anxiety; depression (Gunderson & Philips, pg. 1445).



Character Weaknesses and Vices*

* prefers to be alone
* prefers solitary activities
* emotionally constricted
* indifferent to sex
* no close friends*
* aloof
* indifferent to opinion


Know Your Major Weaknesses


* Derived from Michael Stone's (pg. 22) list of the "personality traits" of DSM-III-R Schizoid Personality Disorder. Descriptors marked with an asterisk, he says, are not true personality traits.


The Behavior Perspective

Motivations

Want to avoid interpersonal relationships because others are intrusive and unrewarding (Beck & Freeman, pg. 120).

Behaviors

Detachment from social relationships, avoidance of opportunities for intimacy and close relationships, spending most of their time alone, almost always choosing solitary activities or hobbies, prefering mechanical or abstract tasks, showing little interest in having sexual experiences with another person, maintaining an indifference to the approval and criticism or others, not responding appropriately to social cues.

Difficulty expressing anger, lack of direction and goals, reacting passively to adverse circumstances, difficulty responding appropriately to important life events, lack of social skills, lack of desire for sexual experiences, forming few friendships, dating infrequently, often not marrying, occupational functioning often impaired (American Psychiatric Association, pp. 694-695).

Associated Disorders

Brief psychotic episodes, Delusional Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Schizophrenia (American Psychiatric Association, pg. 695).

Dysthymic Disorder, Social Phobia, Agoraphobia (Gunderson & Philips, pg. 1445).



* Google Search: schizoid behavior.therapy
* Google Search: comorbidity schizoid personality



The Life Story Perspective

Childhood

"Retrospective assessment suggests that patients with schizoid personality disorder often have histories of grossly inadequate, cold, or neglectful early parenting, which often began early in life. Psychodynamic theories suggest that these traumatic experiences create an expectation that relationships will not be gratifying and a subsequent defensive withdrawal from others" (Gunderson & Philips, pg. 1445).

"A child born with an introverted, shy temperament may be constitutionally predisposed to developing this disorder, especially if the earliest parenting is cold, neglectful, insensitive, or hostile to the infant's disposition. Some psychodynamic theorists believe that individuals with this disorder remain completely unattached to people because they gave up early on any hope of gratification from others. Following their inborn temperamental style, perhaps they adapted to their unsatisfying environment by turning inward, away from any attachment to anyone" (Oldham, pp. 291-92).

Intrusive mothering, detached fathering.



Universal Character Disorder Passive-Aggressive


Stoic explanation

Schizoid personality disorder is a typological representation of bad character, of a vicious disposition formed by habitual passion. Passions are, or are the results of, erroneous value-judgments. The objects of passion listed below (derived mostly from Beck, Freeman, and associates, 1990, pp. 51-2) are external, indifferent things that the Schizoid personality incorrectly judges to be good or bad. (Evolutionary Psychology and Behavior Genetics provide adequate scientific explanations of the origins of these impulses.) The cure of Schizoid personality disorder will require correcting these habitual, erroneous value-judgments by making proper use of impressions.


Niebuhrian / Horneyan explanation

Schizoid character disorder is a type of "solution" to the problem of anxiety ; that is, it is a strategy to alleviate anxiety. The objects of desire and pleasure listed below (derived mostly from Beck, Freeman, and associates, 1990, pp. 51-52) are limited goods pridefully turned to for security when we fail to trust God. They are analogous to Karen Horney's "neurotic needs."

Karen Horney: Intrapsychic Strategies of Defense

The Resignation Solution

"Even when we deeply value ourselves, the anxiety built into finitude will tempt us to find our source of security in some strategy rather than a trust in God" (Cooper, pg. 163).


Habitual Passions

Desires/ Pleasures

Fears/ Distresses

* solitude
* isolation
* autonomy
* detachment
* being alone
* mobility
* independence
* solitary pursuits
* making decisions by oneself
* carrying out solo activities
* not getting involved
* freedom of action
* keeping one's distance
* sexual pleasure
* knowledge
* competency
* privacy
* leisure



* intimacy
* being involved in a group
* other people (because they are intrusive)
* closeness
* close relationships
* being encumbered by other people
* being encumbered by employment
* actions by others that represent encroachment
* close encounters
* having to share decision making
* showing feelings
* sexual experiences with others
* social responsibilities



Cognitive Effects

Basic Belief: I need plenty of space. [Strategy]: Isolation (Beck, Freeman & associates, pg. 26).

The "idealized self is made up of beliefs about how we should feel, think, or act" (Tamney, pg. 32).

Compulsive beliefs and attitudes are idols, too.

In Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders, Aaron T. Beck, Arthur Freeman, and associates (1990) list typical beliefs associated with each specific personality disorder. According to my view, the beliefs and attitudes rationalize and reinforce the idealized image and the compulsive attachments and aversions. They are analogous to Karen Horney's "shoulds" and "neurotic claims." Here are the typical beliefs that they have listed (pg. 362) for Schizoid Personality Disorder:

* It doesn't matter what other people think of me.
* It is important for me to be free and independent of others.
* I enjoy doing things more by myself than with other people.
* In many situations, I am better off to be left alone.
* I am not influenced by others in what I decide to do.
* Intimate relations with other people are not important to me.
* I set my own standards and goals for myself.
* My privacy is much more important to me than closeness to people.
* What other people think doesn't matter to me.
* I can manage things on my own without anybody's help.
* It's better to be alone than to feel "stuck" with other people.
* I shouldn't confide in others.
* I can use other people for my own purposes as long as I don't get involved.
* Relationships are messy and interfere with freedom (362).
* Relationships are problematic.
* Life is less complicated without other people.
* I am empty inside.
* It is better for me to keep my distance and maintain a low profile.
* I am a social misfit.
* Life is bland and unfulfilling.



Beck's Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders



* Google Search: schizoid cognitive.therapy
* Google Search: schizoid cognitive.behavioral.therapy
* Google Search: schizoid psychoanalytic therapy
* Google Search: schizoid psychodynamic therapy
* Google Search: schizoid interpersonal therapy
* Google Search: schizoid humanistic therapy
* Google Search: schizoid existential therapy



American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed. Washington: Author.

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed., text revision. Washington: Author.

Beck, Aaron T. and Freeman, Arthur M. and Associates (1990). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. New York : Guilford Press.

Beck, Aaron T. and Freeman, Arthur M. and Associates (2003). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders, 2nd ed. New York : Guilford Press.

Cooper, Terry D. (2003). Sin, Pride, and Self-Acceptance: The Problem of Identity in Theology and Psychology. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Gunderson, John G. and Philips, Katherine A. (1995). Personality Disorders. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/VI, Vol. 2. Eds. Harold I. Kaplan and Benjamin J. Sadock. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

McCrae, Robert R. (1994). "A Reformulation of Axis II: Personality and Personality-Related Problems." Costa, Paul T., Jr., Widiger, Thomas A., editors. Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Washington, D.C.: The American Psychological Association.

Stone, Michael H. (1989). Personality Disorders: Schizoid Personality Disorder. Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, Vol. 3. American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association.

Stone, Michael H. (1993). Abnormalities of personality: within and beyond the realm of treatment. New York: W.W. Norton.

Tamney, Joseph B. (2002). The Resilience of Conservative Religion. New York: Cambridge UP.



A Comprehensive Phenomenological Profile - Salman Akhtar, M.D.

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Is that really me? No it can´t be.. And yet it is. Well we all did know that, so it´s really nothing. So... I´ll go and get a cup of coffee... And write some shit.